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Administration Of Justice
Ch. 13
Chapter 13
Police Work With Juveniles
Early English Police:
The Pledge System
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Families banded together for protection.
People raised the "hue and cry" to warn others of trouble and to pursue criminals.
Tithings were formed (10 families).
Ten tithings banded together to form a hundred supervised by a constable.
Hundreds banded together to form shires supervised by the shire reeve. </DIR>
The Watch System: 13th Century
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More formal than the pledge system.
Employed watchmen to protect property against fire and robbery.
Justice of the peace established and given judicial duties.
Constables served as assistants to justices of the peace. </DIR>
Advocates of community policing regard the approach as useful in juvenile justice because:
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Officers on foot have have better information about a neighborhood and possible solutions to problems in it.
Officers are more free to engage in "proactive crime prevention".
Police accountability in increased.
Decentralized police operations allows policing to adapt to community needs.
Encouraging police to view citizens as partners improves relations between them and the public.
It gives more authority to the people who "know the situation best". </DIR>
Police Work With Juveniles
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ROLE CONFLICT
Conflicts police officers face that revolve around the requirement to perform their primary duty of law enforcement and a desire to aid in rehabilitating youthful offenders.</DIR>
Police Response to Juvenile Crime
Juvenile Violent Crime Rate
Police Practices That Work to Control Youth Violence
Policing Juveniles
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Juvenile Aid Bureaus created in 1930’s
1960’s see added programs for juveniles
1980’s police focus on drugs, gangs and violent juvenile behavior
Today the focus is on the juvenile court and its practices as well as systems developed to deal with the adjudicated offender. </DIR>
Probable Cause, Arrest,
Search and Seizure
Legal Concepts
Uniform Juvenile Court Act,
Section 13 (Taking Into Custody)
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A child may be taken into custody:
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pursuant to an order of the court under this Act;
pursuant to the laws of arrest;
by a law enforcement officer (or duly authorized officer of the court) if there are reasonable grounds to believe that the child is suffering from illness or injury or is in immediate danger from his surroundings, and that his removal is necessary; or
by a law enforcement officer (or duly authorized officer of the court) if there are reasonable grounds to believe that the child has run away from his parents, guardian, or other custodian. </DIR>
The taking of a child into custody is not an arrest, except for the purpose of determining its validity under the constitution of this State or of the United States. </DIR>
Ladder of Police-
Juvenile Decision Making
Disposition of Police Encounters With Juveniles
Does Racial Bias Occur
in Police Decision Making?
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Some researchers have concluded that the police discriminate against black and other minority youths.
Other researchers do not find evidence of discrimination.
Racial disparity is most often seen at the arrest stage but probably exists at other processing points.
The higher arrest rates of minorities are related to interpersonal, family, community and organizational differences. Other influences may include police discretion with juvenile, street crime visibility and high crime rates within a particular group. Such factors, however, may also be linked to a general societal discrimination. </DIR>
Does Gender Bias Occur
in Police Decision Making?
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Police tend to be more lenient toward females than males with regard to acts of delinquency. </DIR>
Limiting Police Discretion
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Because of the awesome powers of the police officer on the beat to make decisions on his/her own, many have argued for steps to be taken that would limit such discretion. Among those steps recommended are:
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Use of more narrowly defined laws
The development of written policies
Recording decisions by criminal justice personnel </DIR></DIR>
Police in the Schools
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Police coming together with the schools to present prevention programs like
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DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education)
GREAT (Gang Resistance Education and Training) </DIR></DIR>
Delinquency Prevention
The Shield Program
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The program uses the contacts that police officers make in the course of their normal duties to identify youth who they think are likely to become involved in violent behavior, substance abuse, and gang activities.
SHIELD provides youth with services that are tailored to meet their individual needs by using a multidisciplinary team of representatives form the community, schools, and service agencies. </DIR>.
Sacramento City College
3835 Freeport Blvd * Sacramento * CA * 95822
This page was last updated: Monday, October 17, 2005 at 9:03:32 AM
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