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Administration Of Justice
Ch. 8
Chapter 8
Peers and Delinquency:
Juvenile Gangs and Groups
Peer Relationships
and Delinquency
<DIR>
SIMILARITIES TO NON-DELINQUENT FRIENDSHIPS
<DIR>
Trust
Caring
Open
Intimacy </DIR>
DISSIMILARITIES TO NON-DELINQUENT FRIENDSHIPS
<DIR>
More conflict
More jealousy
More competition
Greater feelings of loyalty </DIR></DIR>
Interstitial Groups
Yablonski’s Gang
<DIR>
Yablonsky believes human collections range from those that are highly cohesive to those with anonymous members, led by emotions and disturbed leadership.
Gangs have three levels of membership:
p A small core that tries to keep the gang going.
p The second level are members who participate only when the mood fits them.
p The third level is peripheral. They are members who participate in a particular event but do not identify
with the gang. </DIR>
Yablonski’s "Near Group"
<DIR>
"Gangs" fall between the two extreme types of groups and are characterized by:
<DIR>
diffused role definition
limited cohesion
impermanence
minimal consensus of norms
shifting membership
disturbed leadership
limited definitions of membership expectations </DIR></DIR>
Core Elements in the
Academic Definition of Gangs
<DIR>
Interstitial group
Maintenance of standard group practices
Self-recognition of gang status
Commitment to criminal activity </DIR>
The Decline of Gangs
in the mid 1960’s
<DIR>
Associated Factors
<DIR>
Successful gang control efforts
The draft
Movement into other activities
Drug use </DIR></DIR>
The Re-emergence
of Gangs
<DIR>
ASSOCIATED FACTORS
<DIR>
Economics
<DIR>
Evolution of a low-wage economy
Possible profits from distribution and sale of drugs </DIR>
Social dislocation
Disorganization of the family </DIR></DIR>
Estimates of U.S.
Gang Membership
Top Ten States By Number of Gangs Reported
Gang Categories
Traditional Gang Structure
Other Gang Structures
Gangs and Age
<DIR>
National Gang Crime Research Center found:
<DIR>
Members first learned of the gang before age 9
Got involved between 10 – 11
Joined at 12
Were fully involved by age 13 </DIR>
Hagedorn study finds gang members ages increasing </DIR>
Gender and Gangs
<DIR>
Historically an auxiliary or full member
member of a male gang
Autonomous female
gangs now more common
Provide sense of
sisterhood
Not as violent as gang
boys </DIR>
Gang Membership
and Crime
Racial Composition of Gangs
Why Do Youths
Join Gangs?
<DIR>
Anthropological view
<DIR>
Gang rituals help children bridge the gap between childhood and adulthood
"Rite of Passage" from one generation to the next </DIR>
Social Disorganization/
Sociocultural view
<DIR>
Gangs are a natural and normal response to the deprivations of lower-class life and gangs are a status-generating medium where no legitimate one exists </DIR></DIR>
Why Do Youths
Join Gangs?
<DIR>
Psychological view
<DIR>
A less popular view is that gangs form as an outlet for psychologically disturbed youths </DIR>
Rational Choice view
<DIR>
Support criminal opportunities as a source of income
Provides a means to achieve personal safety
Motivation is for "fun" and social support </DIR></DIR>
Law Enforcement
Efforts To Deal With Gangs
<DIR>
EFFORTS FALL INTO THREE CATEGORIES
<DIR>
Youth Services Programs
Gang Details
Gang Units </DIR></DIR>
Community Control Efforts
Sacramento City College
3835 Freeport Blvd * Sacramento * CA * 95822
This page was last updated: Thursday, September 8, 2005 at 8:14:06 AM
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